Nuclear power plants were sited for the availability of cooling water. Siting of hydroelectric dams in mountain areas also strongly influenced the structure of the emerging grid. Power stations were located strategically to be close to fossil fuel reserves (either the mines or wells themselves or else close to rail, road, or port supply lines). The topology of the 1960s grid was a result of the strong economies of scale: large coal-, gas- and oil-fired power stations in the 1 GW (1000 MW) to 3 GW scale are still found to be cost-effective, due to efficiency-boosting features that can be cost-effective only when the stations become very large. By the 1960s, the electric grids of developed countries had become very large, mature, and highly interconnected, with thousands of 'central' generation power stations delivering power to major load centres via high capacity power lines which were then branched and divided to provide power to smaller industrial and domestic users over the entire supply area. In the 20th century, local grids grew over time and were eventually interconnected for economic and reliability reasons. At that time, the grid was a centralized unidirectional system of electric power transmission, electricity distribution, and demand-driven control. The first alternating current power grid system was installed in 1886 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. Background Historical development of the electricity grid Smart grids could also monitor/control residential devices that are noncritical during periods of peak power consumption, and return their function during nonpeak hours. Ĭoncerns with smart grid technology mostly focus on smart meters, items enabled by them, and general security issues. Roll-out of smart grid technology also implies a fundamental re-engineering of the electricity services industry, although typical usage of the term is focused on the technical infrastructure. Policy in the United States is described in 42 U.S.C. Smart grid policy is organized in Europe as Smart Grid European Technology Platform. Įlectronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid. Sufficient spare if "dark" capacity to ensure failover, often leased for revenue.
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